SPAMfighter information about
Japan
| The data on this page is obtained from The World Factbook. |
 Communications information
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| SPAMfighters: | 119,908 |
| Internet users: | 86.3 million (2005) |
| Internet hosts: | 28,321,846 (2006) |
| Internet Service Providers (ISPs): | 73 (2000) |
| Internet country code: | .jp |
| Telephones - main lines in use: | 58.78 million (2005) |
| Telephones - mobile cellular: | 94.745 million (2005) |
| Telephone system: |
general assessment: excellent domestic and international service domestic: high level of modern technology and excellent service of every kind international: country code - 81; satellite earth stations - 5 Intelsat (4 Pacific Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean), 1 Intersputnik (Indian Ocean region), and 1 Inmarsat (Pacific and Indian Ocean regions); submarine cables to China, Philippines, Russia, and United States (via Guam) (1999) |
| Radio broadcast stations: | AM 215 plus 370 repeaters, FM 89 plus 485 repeaters, shortwave 21 (2001) |
| Radios: | 120.5 million (1997) |
| Television broadcast stations: |
211 plus 7,341 repeaters note: in addition, United States Forces are served by 3 TV stations and 2 TV cable services (1999) |
| Televisions: | 86.5 million (1997) |
 Geographical information
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| Location: | Eastern Asia, island chain between the North Pacific Ocean and the Sea of Japan, east of the Korean Peninsula |
| Geographic coordinates: | 36 00 N, 138 00 E |
| Map references: | Asia |
| Area: |
total: 377,835 sq km land: 374,744 sq km water: 3,091 sq km note: includes Bonin Islands (Ogasawara-gunto), Daito-shoto, Minami-jima, Okino-tori-shima, Ryukyu Islands (Nansei-shoto), and Volcano Islands (Kazan-retto) |
| Area - comparative: | slightly smaller than California |
| Land boundaries: | 0 km |
| Coastline: | 29,751 km |
| Maritime claims: |
territorial sea: 12 nm; between 3 nm and 12 nm in the international straits - La Perouse or Soya, Tsugaru, Osumi, and Eastern and Western Channels of the Korea or Tsushima Strait contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm |
| Climate: | varies from tropical in south to cool temperate in north |
| Terrain: | mostly rugged and mountainous |
| Elevation extremes: |
lowest point: Hachiro-gata -4 m highest point: Mount Fuji 3,776 m |
| Natural resources: | negligible mineral resources, fish |
| Land use: |
arable land: 11.64% permanent crops: 0.9% other: 87.46% (2005) |
| Irrigated land: | 25,920 sq km (2003) |
| Natural hazards: | many dormant and some active volcanoes; about 1,500 seismic occurrences (mostly tremors) every year; tsunamis; typhoons |
| Environment - current issues: | air pollution from power plant emissions results in acid rain; acidification of lakes and reservoirs degrading water quality and threatening aquatic life; Japan is one of the largest consumers of fish and tropical timber, contributing to the depletion of these resources in Asia and elsewhere |
| Environment - international agreements: | party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling |
| Geography - note: | strategic location in northeast Asia |
 People information
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| Population: | 127,463,611 (July 2006 est.) |
| Age structure: |
0-14 years: 14.2% (male 9,309,524/female 8,849,476) 15-64 years: 65.7% (male 42,158,122/female 41,611,754) 65 years and over: 20% (male 10,762,585/female 14,772,150) (2006 est.) |
| Median age: |
total: 42.9 years male: 41.1 years female: 44.7 years (2006 est.) |
| Population growth rate: | 0.02% (2006 est.) |
| Birth rate: | 9.37 births/1,000 population (2006 est.) |
| Death rate: | 9.16 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.) |
| Net migration rate: | 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.) |
| Sex ratio: |
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.73 male(s)/female total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2006 est.) |
| Infant mortality rate: |
total: 3.24 deaths/1,000 live births male: 3.5 deaths/1,000 live births female: 2.97 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.) |
| Life expectancy at birth: |
total population: 81.25 years male: 77.96 years female: 84.7 years (2006 est.) |
| Total fertility rate: | 1.4 children born/woman (2006 est.) |
| HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: | less than 0.1% (2003 est.) |
| HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: | 12,000 (2003 est.) |
| HIV/AIDS - deaths: | 500 (2003 est.) |
| Nationality: |
noun: Japanese (singular and plural) adjective: Japanese |
| Ethnic groups: |
Japanese 99%, others 1% (Korean 511,262, Chinese 244,241, Brazilian 182,232, Filipino 89,851, other 237,914) note: up to 230,000 Brazilians of Japanese origin migrated to Japan in the 1990s to work in industries; some have returned to Brazil (2004) |
| Religions: | observe both Shinto and Buddhist 84%, other 16% (including Christian 0.7%) |
| Languages: | Japanese |
| Literacy: |
definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 99% male: 99% female: 99% (2002) |
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Governmental information
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| Country name: |
conventional long form: none conventional short form: Japan local long form: Nihon-koku/Nippon-koku local short form: Nihon/Nippon |
| Government type: | constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary government |
| Capital: |
name: Tokyo geographic coordinates: 35 42 N, 139 46 E time difference: UTC+9 (14 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) |
| Administrative divisions: | 47 prefectures; Aichi, Akita, Aomori, Chiba, Ehime, Fukui, Fukuoka, Fukushima, Gifu, Gunma, Hiroshima, Hokkaido, Hyogo, Ibaraki, Ishikawa, Iwate, Kagawa, Kagoshima, Kanagawa, Kochi, Kumamoto, Kyoto, Mie, Miyagi, Miyazaki, Nagano, Nagasaki, Nara, Niigata, Oita, Okayama, Okinawa, Osaka, Saga, Saitama, Shiga, Shimane, Shizuoka, Tochigi, Tokushima, Tokyo, Tottori, Toyama, Wakayama, Yamagata, Yamaguchi, Yamanashi |
| Independence: | 660 B.C. (traditional founding by Emperor JIMMU) |
| National holiday: | Birthday of Emperor AKIHITO, 23 December (1933) |
| Constitution: | 3 May 1947 |
| Legal system: | modeled after European civil law system with English-American influence; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations |
| Suffrage: | 20 years of age; universal |
| Executive branch: |
chief of state: Emperor AKIHITO (since 7 January 1989) head of government: Prime Minister Shinzo ABE (since 26 September 2006) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the prime minister elections: Diet designates prime minister; constitution requires that prime minister commands parliamentary majority; following legislative elections, leader of majority party or leader of majority coalition in House of Representatives usually becomes prime minister; monarch is hereditary election results: ABE was elected prime minister with 339 of 476 votes cast in the House of Representatives and 136 of 240 votes cast in the House of Councilors. |
| Legislative branch: |
bicameral Diet or Kokkai consists of the House of Councillors or Sangi-in (242 seats - members elected for six-year terms; half reelected every three years; 146 members in multi-seat constituencies and 96 by proportional representation) and the House of Representatives or Shugi-in (480 seats - members elected for four-year terms; 300 in single-seat constituencies; 180 members by proportional representation in 11 regional blocs) elections: House of Councillors - last held 11 July 2004 (next to be held in July 2007); House of Representatives - last held 11 September 2005 (next election by September 2009) election results: House of Councillors - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - LDP 115, DPJ 82, Komeito 24, JCP 9, SDP 5, others 7; distribution of seats as of January 2006 - LDP 112, DPJ 83, Komeito 24, JCP 9, SDP 6, others 8 : House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - LDP 47.8%, DPJ 36.4%, others 15.8%; seats by party - LDP 296, DPJ 113, Komeito 31, JCP 9, SDP 7, others 24; distribution of seats as of January 2006 - LDP 294, DPJ 112, Komeito 31, JCP 9, SDP 7, others 27 (2006) |
| Judicial branch: | Supreme Court (chief justice is appointed by the monarch after designation by the cabinet; all other justices are appointed by the cabinet) |
| Political parties and leaders: | Democratic Party of Japan or DPJ [Ichiro OZAWA]; Japan Communist Party or JCP [Kazuo SHII]; Komeito [Akihoro OTA]; Liberal Democratic Party or LDP [Shinzo ABE]; Social Democratic Party or SDP [Mizuho FUKUSHIMA] |
| Political pressure groups and leaders: | NA |
| International organization participation: | AfDB, APEC, APT, ARF, AsDB, ASEAN (dialogue partner), Australia Group, BIS, CE (observer), CERN (observer), CP, EAS, EBRD, FAO, G-5, G-7, G-8, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITU, LAIA, MIGA, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE (partner), Paris Club, PCA, PIF (partner), SAARC (observer), SECI (observer), UN, UN Security Council (temporary), UNCTAD, UNDOF, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNMOVIC, UNRWA, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO, ZC |
| Diplomatic representation in the US: |
chief of mission: Ambassador Ryozo KATO chancery: 2520 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 238-6700 FAX: [1] (202) 328-2187 consulate(s) general: Anchorage, Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Denver, Detroit, Agana (Guam), Honolulu, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New Orleans, New York, Portland (Oregon), San Francisco, Seattle |
| Diplomatic representation from the US: |
chief of mission: Ambassador J. Thomas SCHIEFFER embassy: 1-10-5 Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo 107-8420 mailing address: Unit 45004, Box 258, APO AP 96337-5004 telephone: [81] (03) 3224-5000 FAX: [81] (03) 3505-1862 consulate(s) general: Naha (Okinawa), Osaka-Kobe, Sapporo consulate(s): Fukuoka, Nagoya |
| Flag description: | white with a large red disk (representing the sun without rays) in the center |
 Economical information
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| Economy - overview: | Government-industry cooperation, a strong work ethic, mastery of high technology, and a comparatively small defense allocation (1% of GDP) helped Japan advance with extraordinary rapidity to the rank of second most technologically powerful economy in the world after the United States and the third-largest economy in the world after the United States and China, measured on a purchasing power parity (PPP) basis. One notable characteristic of the economy is how manufacturers, suppliers, and distributors work together in closely-knit groups called keiretsu. A second basic feature has been the guarantee of lifetime employment for a substantial portion of the urban labor force. Both features are now eroding. Japan´s industrial sector is heavily dependent on imported raw materials and fuels. The tiny agricultural sector is highly subsidized and protected, with crop yields among the highest in the world. Usually self sufficient in rice, Japan must import about 60% of its food on a caloric basis. Japan maintains one of the world´s largest fishing fleets and accounts for nearly 15% of the global catch. For three decades, overall real economic growth had been spectacular - a 10% average in the 1960s, a 5% average in the 1970s, and a 4% average in the 1980s. Growth slowed markedly in the 1990s, averaging just 1.7%, largely because of the after effects of overinvestment during the late 1980s and contractionary domestic policies intended to wring speculative excesses from the stock and real estate markets and to force a restructuring of the economy. From 2000 to 2003, government efforts to revive economic growth met with little success and were further hampered by the slowing of the United States, European, and Asian economies. In 2004 and 2005, growth improved and the lingering fears of deflation in prices and economic activity lessened. Japan´s huge government debt, which totals 170% of GDP, and the aging of the population are two major long-run problems. Some fear that a rise in taxes could endanger the current economic recovery. Internal conflict over the proper way to reform the financial system will continue as Japan Post´s banking, insurance, and delivery services undergo privatization between 2007 and 2017. |
| GDP (purchasing power parity): | $4.025 trillion (2005 est.) |
| GDP (official exchange rate): | $4.664 trillion (2005 est.) |
| GDP - real growth rate: | 2.6% (2005 est.) |
| GDP - per capita (PPP): | $31,600 (2005 est.) |
| GDP - composition by sector: |
agriculture: 1.7% industry: 25.8% services: 72.5% (2005 est.) |
| Labor force: | 66.4 million (2005 est.) |
| Labor force - by occupation: |
agriculture: 4.6% industry: 27.8% services: 67.7% (2004) |
| Unemployment rate: | 4.4% (2005 est.) |
| Population below poverty line: | NA% |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share: |
lowest 10%: 4.8% highest 10%: 21.7% (1993) |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices): | -0.3% (2005 est.) |
| Budget: |
revenues: $1.429 trillion expenditures: $1.775 trillion; including capital expenditures (public works only) of about $71 billion (2005 est.) |
| Agriculture - products: | rice, sugar beets, vegetables, fruit; pork, poultry, dairy products, eggs; fish |
| Industries: | among world´s largest and technologically advanced producers of motor vehicles, electronic equipment, machine tools, steel and nonferrous metals, ships, chemicals, textiles, processed foods |
| Industrial production growth rate: | 1.5% (2005 est.) |
| Electricity - production: | 1.017 trillion kWh (2003) |
| Electricity - production by source: |
fossil fuel: 60% hydro: 8.4% nuclear: 29.8% other: 1.8% (2001) |
| Electricity - consumption: | 946.3 billion kWh (2003) |
| Electricity - exports: | 0 kWh (2003) |
| Electricity - imports: | 0 kWh (2003) |
| Oil - production: | 120,700 bbl/day (2003 est.) |
| Oil - consumption: | 5.578 million bbl/day (2003 est.) |
| Oil - exports: | 93,360 bbl/day (2001) |
| Oil - imports: | 5.449 million bbl/day (2001) |
| Natural gas - production: | 2.814 billion cu m (2003 est.) |
| Natural gas - consumption: | 86.51 billion cu m (2003 est.) |
| Current account balance: | $165.6 billion (2005 est.) |
| Exports: | $550.5 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.) |
| Exports - commodities: | transport equipment, motor vehicles, semiconductors, electrical machinery, chemicals |
| Exports - partners: | US 22.9%, China 13.4%, South Korea 7.8%, Taiwan 7.3%, Hong Kong 6.1% (2005) |
| Imports: | $451.1 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.) |
| Imports - commodities: | machinery and equipment, fuels, foodstuffs, chemicals, textiles, raw materials (2001) |
| Imports - partners: | China 21%, United States 12.7%, Saudi Arabia 5.5%, UAE 4.9%, Australia 4.7%, South Korea 4.7%, Indonesia 4% (2005) |
| Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: | $835.5 billion (2005 est.) |
| Debt - external: | $1.545 trillion (31 December 2004) |
| Currency (code): | yen (JPY) |
| Currency code: | JPY |
| Exchange rates: | yen per United States dollar - 110.22 (2005), 108.19 (2004), 115.93 (2003), 125.39 (2002), 121.53 (2001) |
| Fiscal year: | 1 April - 31 March |
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Transportations information
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| Airports: | 175 (2006) |
| Airports - with paved runways: |
total: 145 over 3,047 m: 7 2,438 to 3,047 m: 41 1,524 to 2,437 m: 39 914 to 1,523 m: 28 under 914 m: 30 (2006) |
| Airports - with unpaved runways: |
total: 30 914 to 1,523 m: 4 under 914 m: 26 (2006) |
| Heliports: | 15 (2006) |
| Pipelines: | gas 8,015 km; oil 170 km; oil/gas/water 60 km (2006) |
| Railways: |
total: 23,556 km standard gauge: 3,204 km 1.435-m gauge (3,204 km electrified) narrow gauge: 77 km 1.372-m gauge (77 km electrified); 20,264 km 1.067-m gauge (13,280 km electrified); 11 km 0.762-m gauge (11 km electrified) (2005) |
| Roadways: |
total: 1.183 million km paved: 925,000 km (including 6,946 km of expressways) unpaved: 258,000 km (2003) |
| Waterways: | 1,770 km (seagoing vessels use inland seas) (2006) |
| Merchant marine: |
total: 683 ships (1000 GRT or over) 10,415,892 GRT/11,765,038 DWT by type: bulk carrier 134, cargo 30, chemical tanker 20, container 11, liquefied gas 59, passenger 14, passenger/cargo 149, petroleum tanker 156, refrigerated cargo 3, roll on/roll off 51, vehicle carrier 56 registered in other countries: 2,459 (Australia 1, Bahamas 51, Belize 2, Burma 4, Cambodia 4, Cayman Islands 1, China 3, Cyprus 17, French Southern and Antarctic Lands 4, Honduras 4, Hong Kong 67, Indonesia 3, Isle of Man 4, South Korea 1, Liberia 102, Malaysia 4, Malta 1, Marshall Islands 7, Mongolia 1, Norway 1, Panama 2007, Philippines 26, Portugal 9, Singapore 100, Sweden 2, Thailand 4, Vanuatu 28, unknown 1) (2006) |
| Ports and terminals: | Chiba, Kawasaki, Kiire, Kisarazu, Kobe, Mizushima, Nagoya, Osaka, Tokyo, Yohohama |
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Military information
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| Military branches: | Japanese Defense Agency (JDA): Ground Self-Defense Force (Rikujou Jietai, GSDF), Maritime Self-Defense Force (Kaijou Jietai, MSDF), Air Self-Defense Force (Nihon Koku-Jieitai, ASDF) (2006) |
| Military service age and obligation: | 18 years of age for voluntary military service (2001) |
| Manpower available for military service: |
males age 18-49: 27,003,112 females age 18-49: 26,153,482 (2005 est.) |
| Manpower fit for military service: |
males age 18-49: 22,234,663 females age 18-49: 21,494,947 (2005 est.) |
| Manpower reaching military service age annually: |
males age 18-49: 683,147 females age 18-49: 650,157 (2005 est.) |
| Military expenditures - dollar figure: | $44.31 billion (2005 est.) |
| Military expenditures - percent of GDP: | 1% (2005 est.) |
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Information about transnational issues
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| Disputes - international: | the sovereignty dispute over the islands of Etorofu, Kunashiri, and Shikotan, and the Habomai group, known in Japan as the "Northern Territories" and in Russia as the "Southern Kuril Islands," occupied by the Soviet Union in 1945, now administered by Russia and claimed by Japan, remains the primary sticking point to signing a peace treaty formally ending World War II hostilities; Japan and South Korea claim Liancourt Rocks (Take-shima/Tok-do) occupied by South Korea since 1954; China and Taiwan dispute both Japan´s claims to the uninhabited islands of the Senkaku-shoto (Diaoyu Tai) and Japan´s unilaterally declared exclusive economic zone in the East China Sea, the site of intensive hydrocarbon prospecting |
