SPAMfighter information about
Cambodia
| The data on this page is obtained from The World Factbook. |
 Communications information
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| SPAMfighters: | 458 |
| Internet users: | 41,000 (2005) |
| Internet hosts: | 1,378 (2006) |
| Internet Service Providers (ISPs): | 2 (2000) |
| Internet country code: | .kh |
| Telephones - main lines in use: | 36,400 (2003) |
| Telephones - mobile cellular: | 1.062 million (2005) |
| Telephone system: |
general assessment: adequate landline and/or cellular service in Phnom Penh and other provincial cities; mobile phone coverage is rapidly expanding in rural areas domestic: NA international: country code - 855; adequate but expensive landline and cellular service available to all countries from Phnom Penh and major provincial cities; satellite earth station - 1 Intersputnik (Indian Ocean region) |
| Radio broadcast stations: | AM 2, FM 17 (2003) |
| Radios: | 1.34 million (1997) |
| Television broadcast stations: | 11 (including two TV relay stations with French and Vietnamese broadcasts); 12 regional low power TV stations (2006) |
| Televisions: | 94,000 (1997) |
 Geographical information
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| Location: | Southeastern Asia, bordering the Gulf of Thailand, between Thailand, Vietnam, and Laos |
| Geographic coordinates: | 13 00 N, 105 00 E |
| Map references: | Southeast Asia |
| Area: |
total: 181,040 sq km land: 176,520 sq km water: 4,520 sq km |
| Area - comparative: | slightly smaller than Oklahoma |
| Land boundaries: |
total: 2,572 km border countries: Laos 541 km, Thailand 803 km, Vietnam 1,228 km |
| Coastline: | 443 km |
| Maritime claims: |
territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 nm |
| Climate: | tropical; rainy, monsoon season (May to November); dry season (December to April); little seasonal temperature variation |
| Terrain: | mostly low, flat plains; mountains in southwest and north |
| Elevation extremes: |
lowest point: Gulf of Thailand 0 m highest point: Phnum Aoral 1,810 m |
| Natural resources: | oil and gas, timber, gemstones, some iron ore, manganese, phosphates, hydropower potential |
| Land use: |
arable land: 20.44% permanent crops: 0.59% other: 78.97% (2005) |
| Irrigated land: | 2,700 sq km (2003) |
| Natural hazards: | monsoonal rains (June to November); flooding; occasional droughts |
| Environment - current issues: | illegal logging activities throughout the country and strip mining for gems in the western region along the border with Thailand have resulted in habitat loss and declining biodiversity (in particular, destruction of mangrove swamps threatens natural fisheries); soil erosion; in rural areas, most of the population does not have access to potable water; declining fish stocks because of illegal fishing and overfishing |
| Environment - international agreements: |
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea |
| Geography - note: | a land of paddies and forests dominated by the Mekong River and Tonle Sap |
 People information
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| Population: |
13,881,427 note: estimates for this country take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2006 est.) |
| Age structure: |
0-14 years: 35.6% (male 2,497,595/female 2,447,754) 15-64 years: 61% (male 4,094,946/female 4,370,159) 65 years and over: 3.4% (male 180,432/female 290,541) (2006 est.) |
| Median age: |
total: 20.6 years male: 19.9 years female: 21.4 years (2006 est.) |
| Population growth rate: | 1.78% (2006 est.) |
| Birth rate: | 26.9 births/1,000 population (2006 est.) |
| Death rate: | 9.06 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.) |
| Net migration rate: | 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.) |
| Sex ratio: |
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.94 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.62 male(s)/female total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2006 est.) |
| Infant mortality rate: |
total: 68.78 deaths/1,000 live births male: 77.35 deaths/1,000 live births female: 59.84 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.) |
| Life expectancy at birth: |
total population: 59.29 years male: 57.35 years female: 61.32 years (2006 est.) |
| Total fertility rate: | 3.37 children born/woman (2006 est.) |
| HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: | 2.6% (2003 est.) |
| HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: | 170,000 (2003 est.) |
| HIV/AIDS - deaths: | 15,000 (2003 est.) |
| Nationality: |
noun: Cambodian(s) adjective: Cambodian |
| Ethnic groups: | Khmer 90%, Vietnamese 5%, Chinese 1%, other 4% |
| Religions: | Theravada Buddhist 95%, other 5% |
| Languages: | Khmer (official) 95%, French, English |
| Literacy: |
definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 73.6% male: 84.7% female: 64.1% (2004 est.) |
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Governmental information
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| Country name: |
conventional long form: Kingdom of Cambodia conventional short form: Cambodia local long form: Preahreacheanachakr Kampuchea (phonetic pronunciation) local short form: Kampuchea former: Kingdom of Cambodia, Khmer Republic, Democratic Kampuchea, People´s Republic of Kampuchea, State of Cambodia |
| Government type: | multiparty democracy under a constitutional monarchy |
| Capital: |
name: Phnom Penh geographic coordinates: 11 33 N, 104 55 E time difference: UTC+7 (12 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) |
| Administrative divisions: |
20 provinces (khaitt, singular and plural) and 4 municipalities* (krong, singular and plural) provinces: Banteay Mean Cheay, Batdambang, Kampong Cham, Kampong Chhnang, Kampong Spoe, Kampong Thum, Kampot, Kandal, Kaoh Kong, Krachen, Mondol Kiri, Otdar Mean Cheay, Pouthisat, Preah Vihear, Prey Veng, Rotanah Kiri, Siem Reab, Stoeng Treng, Svay Rieng, Takev municipalities: Keb, Pailin, Phnum Penh, Preah Seihanu |
| Independence: | 9 November 1953 (from France) |
| National holiday: | Independence Day, 9 November (1953) |
| Constitution: | promulgated 21 September 1993 |
| Legal system: | primarily a civil law mixture of French-influenced codes from the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) period, royal decrees, and acts of the legislature, with influences of customary law and remnants of communist legal theory; increasing influence of common law in recent years; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations |
| Suffrage: | 18 years of age; universal |
| Executive branch: |
chief of state: King Norodom SIHAMONI (since 29 October 2004) head of government: Prime Minister HUN SEN (since 14 January 1985) and Deputy Prime Ministers SAR KHENG (since 3 February 1992); SOK AN, LU LAY SRENG, TEA BANH, HOR NAMHONG, NHEK BUNCHHAY (since 16 July 2004); KEV PUT REAKSMEI (since 24 October 2006) cabinet: Council of Ministers in theory appointed by the monarch; in practice named by the prime minister elections: none; the monarch is chosen by a Royal Throne Council; following legislative elections, a member of the majority party or majority coalition is named prime minister by the Chairman of the National Assembly and appointed by the king |
| Legislative branch: |
bicameral, consists of the National Assembly (123 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) and the Senate (61 seats; 2 members appointed by the monarch, 2 elected by the National Assembly, and 57 elected by parliamentarians and commune councils; members serve five-year terms) elections: National Assembly - last held 27 July 2003 (next to be held in July 2008); Senate - last held 22 January 2006 (next to be held in January 2011) election results: National Assembly - percent of vote by party - CPP 47%, SRP 22%, FUNCINPEC 21%, other 10%; seats by party - CPP 73, FUNCINPEC 26, SRP 24; Senate - percent of vote by party - CPP 69%, FUNCINPEC 21%, SRP 10%; seats by party - CPP 45, FUNCINPEC 10, SRP 2 (January 2006) |
| Judicial branch: | Supreme Council of the Magistracy (provided for in the constitution and formed in December 1997); Supreme Court (and lower courts) exercises judicial authority |
| Political parties and leaders: | Cambodian Pracheachon Party (Cambodian People´s Party) or CPP [CHEA SIM]; National United Front for an Independent, Neutral, Peaceful, and Cooperative Cambodia or FUNCINPEC [KEV PUT REAKSMEI]; Sam Rangsi Party or SRP [SAM RANGSI] |
| Political pressure groups and leaders: | NA |
| International organization participation: | ACCT, APT, ARF, AsDB, ASEAN, EAS, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (subscriber), ITU, MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIS, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO |
| Diplomatic representation in the US: |
chief of mission: Ambassador EK SEREYWATH chancery: 4530 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20011 telephone: [1] (202) 726-7742 FAX: [1] (202) 726-8381 |
| Diplomatic representation from the US: |
chief of mission: Ambassador Joseph A. MUSSOMELI embassy: #1, Street 96, Sangkat Wat Phnom, Khan Daun Penh, Phnom Penh mailing address: Box P, APO AP 96546 telephone: [855] (23) 728-000 FAX: [855] (23) 728-600 |
| Flag description: | three horizontal bands of blue (top), red (double width), and blue with a white three-towered temple representing Angkor Wat outlined in black in the center of the red band; only national flag to incorporate an actual building in its design |
 Economical information
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| Economy - overview: | In 1999, the first full year of peace in 30 years, the government made progress on economic reforms. The United States and Cambodia signed a Bilateral Textile Agreement, which gave Cambodia a guaranteed quota of United States textile imports and established a bonus for improving working conditions and enforcing Cambodian labor laws and international labor standards in the industry. From 2001 to 2004, the economy grew at an average rate of 6.4%, driven largely by an expansion in the garment sector and tourism. With the January 2005 expiration of a WTO Agreement on Textiles and Clothing, Cambodia-based textile producers were forced to compete directly with lower-priced producing countries such as China and India. Although initial 2005 GDP growth estimates were less than 3%, better-than-expected garment sector performance led the IMF to forecast 6% growth in 2005. Faced with the possibility that its vibrant garment industry, with more than 200,000 jobs, could be in serious danger, the Cambodian government has committed itself to a policy of continued support for high labor standards in an attempt to maintain favor with buyers. The tourism industry continues to grow rapidly, with foreign visitors surpassing 1 million for the year by September 2005. In 2005, exploitable oil and natural gas deposits were found beneath Cambodia´s territorial waters, representing a new revenue stream for the government once commercial extraction begins in the coming years. The long-term development of the economy remains a daunting challenge. The Cambodian government continues to work with bilateral and multilateral donors, including the World Bank and IMF, to address the country´s many pressing needs. In December 2004, official donors pledged $504 million in aid for 2005 on the condition that the Cambodian government implement steps to reduce corruption. The major economic challenge for Cambodia over the next decade will be fashioning an economic environment in which the private sector can create enough jobs to handle Cambodia´s demographic imbalance. More than 50% of the population is 20 years or younger. The population lacks education and productive skills, particularly in the poverty-ridden countryside, which suffers from an almost total lack of basic infrastructure. Fully 75% of the population remains engaged in subsistence farming. |
| GDP (purchasing power parity): | $34.08 billion (2005 est.) |
| GDP (official exchange rate): | $4.729 billion (2005 est.) |
| GDP - real growth rate: | 13.4% (2005 est.) |
| GDP - per capita (PPP): | $2,500 (2005 est.) |
| GDP - composition by sector: |
agriculture: 35% industry: 30% services: 35% (2004) |
| Labor force: | 7 million (2003 est.) |
| Labor force - by occupation: |
agriculture: 75% industry: NA% services: NA% (2004 est.) |
| Unemployment rate: | 2.5% (2000 est.) |
| Population below poverty line: | 40% (2004 est.) |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share: |
lowest 10%: 2.9% highest 10%: 33.8% (1997) |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices): | 5.8% (2005 est.) |
| Budget: |
revenues: $559.4 million expenditures: $772 million; including capital expenditures of $291 million (2005 est.) |
| Agriculture - products: | rice, rubber, corn, vegetables, cashews, tapioca |
| Industries: | tourism, garments, rice milling, fishing, wood and wood products, rubber, cement, gem mining, textiles |
| Industrial production growth rate: | 22% (2002 est.) |
| Electricity - production: | 123.7 million kWh (2003) |
| Electricity - production by source: |
fossil fuel: 65% hydro: 35% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2001) |
| Electricity - consumption: | 115 million kWh (2003) |
| Electricity - exports: | 0 kWh (2003) |
| Electricity - imports: | 0 kWh (2003) |
| Oil - production: | 0 bbl/day (2003) |
| Oil - consumption: | 3,700 bbl/day (2003 est.) |
| Oil - exports: | NA bbl/day |
| Oil - imports: | NA bbl/day |
| Natural gas - production: | 0 cu m (2003 est.) |
| Natural gas - consumption: | 0 cu m (2003 est.) |
| Current account balance: | $-166 million (2005 est.) |
| Exports: | $2.663 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.) |
| Exports - commodities: | clothing, timber, rubber, rice, fish, tobacco, footwear |
| Exports - partners: | US 48.6%, Hong Kong 24.4%, Germany 5.6%, Canada 4.6% (2005) |
| Imports: | $3.538 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.) |
| Imports - commodities: | petroleum products, cigarettes, gold, construction materials, machinery, motor vehicles, pharmaceutical products |
| Imports - partners: | Hong Kong 16.1%, China 13.6%, France 12.1%, Thailand 11.2%, Taiwan 10.2%, South Korea 7.5%, Vietnam 7.1%, Singapore 4.9%, Japan 4.1% (2005) |
| Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: | $1.145 billion (2005 est.) |
| Debt - external: | $800 million (2003 est.) |
| Currency (code): | riel (KHR) |
| Currency code: | KHR |
| Exchange rates: | riels per United States dollar - 4,092.5 (2005), 4,016.25 (2004), 3,973.33 (2003), 3,912.08 (2002), 3,916.33 (2001) |
| Fiscal year: | calendar year |
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Transportations information
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| Airports: | 20 (2006) |
| Airports - with paved runways: |
total: 6 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 2 (2006) |
| Airports - with unpaved runways: |
total: 14 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 11 under 914 m: 1 (2006) |
| Heliports: | 2 (2006) |
| Railways: |
total: 602 km narrow gauge: 602 km 1.000-m gauge (2005) |
| Roadways: |
total: 12,323 km paved: 1,996 km unpaved: 10,327 km (2000) |
| Waterways: | 2,400 km (mainly on Mekong River) (2005) |
| Merchant marine: |
total: 544 ships (1000 GRT or over) 1,777,907 GRT/2,529,708 DWT by type: bulk carrier 41, cargo 443, chemical tanker 11, container 10, livestock carrier 3, passenger/cargo 4, petroleum tanker 9, refrigerated cargo 19, roll on/roll off 2, specialized tanker 1, vehicle carrier 1 foreign-owned: 407 (Bulgaria 1, Canada 6, China 128, Cyprus 12, Egypt 8, Gabon 1, Greece 8, Hong Kong 15, Indonesia 1, Japan 4, South Korea 23, Latvia 2, Lebanon 6, Nigeria 2, Norway 1, Philippines 1, Russia 105, Singapore 4, Spain 1, Syria 20, Taiwan 2, Turkey 26, UAE 1, Ukraine 17, United States 8, Yemen 3, unknown 1) (2006) |
| Ports and terminals: | Phnom Penh |
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Military information
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| Military branches: | Royal Cambodian Armed Forces: Royal Cambodian Army, Royal Khmer Navy, Royal Cambodian Air Force (2005) |
| Military service age and obligation: | conscription law made effective in October 2006 requires all males between 18-30 to register for military service; service obligation is 18 months (2006) |
| Manpower available for military service: |
males age 18-49: 3,002,718 females age 18-49: 3,108,254 (2005 est.) |
| Manpower fit for military service: |
males age 18-49: 1,955,141 females age 18-49: 2,048,611 (2005 est.) |
| Manpower reaching military service age annually: |
males age 18-49: 175,497 females age 18-49: 172,788 (2005 est.) |
| Military expenditures - dollar figure: | $112 million (FY01 est.) |
| Military expenditures - percent of GDP: | 3% (FY01 est.) |
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Information about transnational issues
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| Disputes - international: | Southeast Asian states have enhanced border surveillance to check the spread of avian flu; Cambodia and Thailand dispute sections of boundary with missing boundary markers and Thai encroachments into Cambodian territory; maritime boundary with Vietnam is hampered by unresolved dispute over offshore islands; Cambodia accuses Thailand of obstructing access to Preah Vihear temple ruins awarded to Cambodia by ICJ decision in 1962; in 2004, Cambodian-Laotian and Laotian-Vietnamese boundary commissions re-erected missing markers completing most of their demarcations |
| Illicit drugs: | narcotics-related corruption reportedly involving some in the government, military, and police; possible small-scale heroin and methamphetamine production; vulnerable to money laundering due to its cash-based economy and porous borders |
