Spam và Scam glossary

Có rất nhiều điều khoản và tiêu đề gây nhầm lẫn về các hình thức khác nhau của thư rác, scam, virus và spywares. Chúng tôi đã thực hiện với một danh sách các định nghĩa mang lại cho bạn một cái nhìn khái quát về mối đe dọa tiềm năng và làm cho chúng dễ hiểu. Bạn có thể tránh được rất nhiều phiền phức, bằng cách sử dụng các sản phẩm của SPAMfighters cho sự an toàn máy tính của bạn.

Địa chỉ Harvester

Địa chỉ Harvester là một robot mà quét hoặc "bóc tách" các trang web, thuần tin tức, diễn đàn vv cho bất cứ thứ gì trông giống như một địa chỉ email hợp lệ. Điều này dẫn đến một số lượng lớn của các địa chỉ email và sẽ được sử dụng để gửi thư rác ra, hoặc bán cho người gửi thư rác.

Adware

Phần mềm Adware là phần mềm đã được cài đặt trên máy tính của bạn mà không có sự hiểu biết của bạn. Nhiều freeware Shareware hoặc chương trình mà bạn tải về từ Internet sẽ cài đặt các chương trình ẩn, gửi thông tin chi tiết như là ví dụ: email của bạn, các trang web bạn nhập vv cho một khách hàng quảng cáo những người nhắm bạn với các mục tiêu của quảng cáo (thậm chí ngay cả trong lúc bạn offline) và thư rác.

Attachments

Attachments là một tập tin được gửi cùng với một email, thí dụ như, nếu bạn bao gồm tập tin với một email gửi đi. Hãy cẩn thận về các tập tin đính kèm. Tập tin đính kèm có thể chứa các chương trình độc hại, chẳng hạn như vi rút và Trojan horses. Nếu bạn nhận được một tập tin đính kèm từ một người mà bạn không biết, bạn có nguy cơ là nó có thể là một vi-rút hoặc Trojan horse, mà sẽ được kích hoạt khi bạn click vào nó!

Backdoor

Backdoors là chương trình mà đi vòng sự an toàn, để đi vào hệ thống cho hacker's use, tìm cách để không bị phát hiện. Chúng có thể gây thiệt hại,bằng cách truyền nhiễm cho máy của bạn bị kềm chế từ bên ngoài.

Bayesian filtering

Cách thống kê để quyết định bức email có phải là spam hay không. Căn cứ trên sự có thể suy luận về kỹ thuật của nhà toán học ăng lê Thomas Bayes. Nhưng mà bộ lọc Bayesian đòi hỏi một sự học hỏi sâu xa để được hiệu nghiệm.

Blacklist

Blacklist là một danh sách của thành phần,IP addresses hoặc Url's mà bạn không cho phép gởi email cho bạn. Bạn có thể blacklist thành phần,IP addresses hoặc Url's với SPAMfighter - Đi vào đây.

Blackhole list

Danh sách công cộng bao gồm cáć địa chỉ IP,nhận biết về nguồn gốc của spam. Danh sách này có thể sử dụng để lập lên một Network, để mà loại bỏ các email từ những địa chỉ này.Nhưng mà danh sách này cũng thường bao gồm các địa chỉ email không hại và vi vậy đả gây lên một con số lớn-sai tích cực.

Bulk mail

Bulk mail là một xác định khác về spam mail.Bulk mail gồm từ một con số lớn của mail chính(thường là các quảng cáo),được gởi đi cùng nhiều tên khác nhau. Giống như spam mail hoặc là junk mail. Bạn có thể lọc bỏ Bulk mail với SPAMfighter - Đặt mua nơi đây

Chain letter

Chain letter là một bức thư, đả được hoàn tất gởi đi cho vài ba người. Thường thường trong đó bao gồm những lời chào hỏi, nhưng mà cũng có những mầm đe doạ đáng lo, nếu như mà bạn không làm theo mà lá thư chỉ định, bặt buộc nhiều người gởi truyền đi bức thư "just to make sure",thì không có gì xẫy ra.Đây không phải là SPAM trong hình thức thuần khiết, nhưng mà nó cũng bị coi như là spam tại nhiều người. Cho nên hãy chú ý là những mail này thường được bao gồm một con số khổng lồ của địa chỉ email mà có thể bị lạm dụng trong những vòng tay xấu.

Cookie

Cookie là mẩu dữ liệu nhỏ được đặt trên máy tính của bạn của trang web mà bạn truy cập. Dữ liệu được gửi lại vào trang web của trình duyệt của bạn mỗi khi bạn vào lại trang web. Cookie được sử dụng để xác nhận và duy trì thông tin cụ thể về việc người sử dụng, chẳng hạn như các nội dung của giỏ hàng mua sắm.Tracking cookie là một cookie mà được sử dụng để theo dõi người dùng lướt thói quen. Chúng thường được sử dụng để quản lý dữ liệu quảng cáo, nhưng cũng có thể được dùng để làm hồ sơ người dùng và theo dõi các hoạt động chặt chẽ hơn. Ví dụ, một tập tin cookie của bên thứ ba có thể theo dõi một người dùng trên nhiều trang web. Điều này cho phép các nhà quảng cáo nhắm mục tiêu quảng cáo đến cho các người sử dụng .

Dialer

Dialer - hoặc vật mềm dialing - là một chương trình mà sử dụng một máy tính của modem để kết nối mà không có chủ sở hữu của toàn bộ kiến thức.Mục đích để gian lận bằng cuộc gọi hoặc truy cập các dịch vụ kết quả bất ngờ trong các chi phí điện thoại. Hiện tượng này còn được gọi là Modem Hijacking.

DoS/DDoS Attacks

Denial-of-service (DoS) attack, mục tiêu của attacker là lật đổ hệ thống, thường là web server, bằng cách làm nhụt đi bandwidth. Nếu như mà server bị áp đảo quá mức về tài liệu, nó có thể ngưng hoạt động. Distributed-denial-of-service attack (DDoS) xảy ra, khi có nhiều hệ thống phát động sự đàn áp cùng một lúc, đê tràn ngập bandwidth. ̉

Exploit

Exploid là một đoạn mã mà mà lợi dụng lợi thế của lỗi, khuyết điểm của an ninh hoặc giảm rủi ro trong một hệ thống để đạt được phép truy cập vào hệ thống. Thông thường sẽ khai thác các lợi thế của các phần mềm đặc biệt dễ bị tổn thương, nhưng trong một số trường hợp, nó có thể mở máy vi tính vào tổng số kiểm soát bên ngoài ..

False negative

False nagative là khi nào vật mềm anti-spam không nhận ra thư rác là rác.

False positive

False positive là khi nào vật mềm anti-spam của bạn nhận cho là tin tức thông thường là spam. SPAMfighter đêm đến cho bạn sự bảo vệ tự động là "real mail",kết quả là không có false-positives.

Flooding

Spam phát ra từ những con số khổng lồ của messages, mà được gởi đi cho các newsgroup riêng rẽ, một là lỗi lầm phát ra từ Newbie, hay là một sự mưu đồ để mà thãm hại Newsgroup. Cũng được gọi là Vertical Spam.

Hackers

Là thành phần sử dụng Computer mà tìm cách để mà lấy được sự gia nhập bất hợp pháp vào trong Sites, hoặc là đột nhập vào hệ thống computer. Hackers thường hay đánh cắp tài liệu của những công ty, thí dụ như là, mailing list và bán tiếp cho thành phần spammers này. Coi vào Script Kiddie.

Hash Buster

Hash Buster là cách thức cho Spammers, để tránh cho thư spam của chúng không bị lọc tại Spam Filter - bằng cách đặt nội dung phát ra khác nhau vào trong mỗi thư spam, thường trong một hình thức của các world-like kiểu mẫu của một chủ đề hoặc là một trường của nội dung, nó sẽ gây rối loạn cho vật mềm, để kiễm soát spam, tại vì mỗi làn sóng của spam xuất hiện riêng rẻ và đơn nhất.

Headers

Headers được sử dụng để xác định người gửi và người nhận của một tin nhắn. Header là một dòng thông tin nhỏ sẽ xuất hiện ở trên đầu trang của thư.

Hijacking

Hijacking là một sự tấn công, do đó session bị ngăn chặn tại Attacker và nó tìm cách để lạm dụng session của bạn.Hijacking có thể xẫy cả hai nơi,qua Internet,cũng như là tại cục bộ,thí dụ như là nếu user rời bỏ computer mà không được bảo vệ,là đả tạo cơ hội cho Spammer, để giả trá các mails của nó,là đến từ bất cứ của người nào. Nên coi về Spoofing.

Honeypot

Các yếu điễm của hệ thống hoặc Network, là sưhấp dẫn cho hackers, Crackers và những thành phần mà không mời mọc.Tổ mật ong này không có sự nhất định và cũng vì vậy không có sự hoạt động hợp pháp, cho nên nếu có ai mà có ý muốn anh̉ hưởng nó, thường đó là các hoạt động bất hợp pháp hay là có sự truyền nhiễm. Đường giây liên lạc sẽ được quan sát chặt chẽ tại honeypot admins,chọn tài liệu in-depth,cách này có thể bày ra những chiến thuật và dụng cụ mới,mà những khách không mong đợi sử dụng và có thể theo dấu họ được.

Joe Job

Joe job là một hành động giả tạo spam mail header, làm cho nó giống như là nó đả bị spammers gây cho sự thiệt hại. Nạn nhân sẽ bị tràn ngập với bounce và các hồi âm phiền phức.

Junk Mail

Junk email là những quảng cáo mà không mong muốn, thường quảng cáo bán những gì hoặc là cung cấp những link, đẩ đưa bạn vào các webs quảng cáo. Cũng giống như là Spam hoặc Bulk mail. Bạn có thể lọc bỏ Junk mail với SPAMfighter - click nơi đây.

Keylogger

A keylogger is a program that captures and records keyboard and/or mouse activity on a computer. Keyloggers often runs hidden in the background and either store the recorded keystrokes for later retrieval or transmit them to the keylogger administrator.

Mail Loop

A situation where one automated mail triggers another which again triggers the first mail to reply etc. thus creating an endless mail loop. This will cause high pressure on the mail servers.

Malware

Malware is short term for Malicious Software. A malicious program is designed to infiltrate an IT system without the owner's approval. The term generally refers to any software designed to cause damage, whether it's a virus, spyware, trojan horse etc.

Mortgage Mail

One of the fastest growing categories of spam. Spam mails are issued by "Lead generators" who sell the information they receive from spam mails, to well known lenders such as Ameriquest and Quicken loans etc. These companies are unaware of the origin of their leads, but often buys a "hot lead" for as much as up to 80$. You can filter Mortgage Mail with SPAMfighter - get it here.

Morph

To modify headers to avoid detection by automated software. Often the most common form of Morphing is to modify the "From:" line in an email.

Mousetrap

A mousetrap is a java-script that makes it difficult to leave a website. When the reader tries to leave, a window pops up back at the website and preventing the user from clicking "Back" from a website. Often used when an advertiser gets paid per person who clicks on the client's website.

Newsletters

A newsletter is a simple form of newspaper or information page that communicates to a target group. Newsletters are mostly legit, coming from a service the users might have been unaware that he or she accepted to get information from. The user is able to unsubscribe the Newsletters without any problems. Note: Always read the terms thorough when subscribing to a service with your email to find out weather or not they are allowed to send you newsletters of other information - and only submit and unsubscribe to services you know are legit, to prevent that you expose your email.

Nigerian Scam

Also known as 419 Scam. You receive an e-mail that seems to come from an official in Nigeria, asking you to help him transfer some money. This is a kind of spam that could - in the worst case - get you killed. In the best case, if you fall for one these criminals' spam mails, you will "just" lose your money. You can filter Nigerian scam mails with SPAMfighter - get it here.

Opt-in

Opt-in is the process of accepting to receive mail from a sender - newsletter, information etc. This is usually done when you subscribe to some sort of service, newsgroup or product. In some cases, double opt-in, you have to confirm your subscription from a verification email.

Opt-out

The process of unsubscribing a mail service or declining to receive future emails from a sender. Legit email marketers or newsletters services have an easy and clear way of opt-out.

Password Stealer

A password stealer is a program that captures passwords that's being typed on a computer. In contrast to a keylogger that captures every keyboard activity, the password stealer only captures passwords. It can save all kinds of passwords or be modified just to save passwords in specific programs or on certain websites. See also Keylogger.

Phishing

Phishing is a scam, although one of the newer ones, that tries to lure your hard-earned money right out of your wallet. And technically it's a well-done scam, which takes advantage of peoples trust in legal enterprises. You can filter Phishing mails with SPAMfighter - get it here.

Porn Spam

By fare the most burdening spam category. This form of spam advertises all forms of pornographic material. It is constantly getting more and more aggressive and changes forms and procedures often in the quest of driving traffic to their sites. You can filter Porn Spam with SPAMfighter - get it here.

Potent Spam

E-mails which advertise and promote products to help men with their sex life such as Viagra. It is however often fake drugs that are sold, some without effect and some cause potential health risk. You can block spam containing Potent Spam mails with SPAMfighter - get it here.

Ratware

Mass mailing virus and email software used by spammers, designed to send as much mail as possible in as short time as possible.

Robot

In Internet terms, a Robot is a program that is designed to automatically go out and explore the Internet for different purposes. This can also be called a worm or a crawler/webcrawler, spiders, worms, and can be used both to index content on the Internet, as Google crawlers do, or to garter other kind of information, such as email addresses.

Rootkit

A rootkit is a malicious program designed to take total control over a computer or IT system. The rootkit stands above system administrators, which means that not even the operating system is aware of its existence. Rootkits often fools the users to believe they are safe and install themselves as drivers or kernel modules. Once the rootkit has gained access, it can do pretty much everything since it has administrator rights, for example monitor traffic and keystrokes, attack other machines on the network or create backdoors into the system for hacker's use.

Script Kiddies

Script Kiddies use scripts or programs developed by others to search for weaknesses in computer systems and networks. Unlike a hacker, a script kiddie only uses existing techniques and hacking programs to carry out unauthorized computer break-ins, e.g. to spread mass mailer worms through e-mails, or create DoS attacks. See also Hacker.

Spam

Unsolicited e-mail sent to large numbers of people to promote products or services. Also called "Junk" or "Bulk" mail. We all see spam - unwanted mass-mails - in our mail-boxes every day. Spamfighter is an award winning Anti Spam software, used by millions of users worldwide. You can also be protected from spam by getting the free version of SPAMfighter here.

Spam traps

An email that exists with one purpose - to attract spam. Some website operators deploy such addresses to be harvested by spambots, and can thereby monitor and study spam attacks to this otherwise unused and uncirculated address.

Spambait

Invalid email addresses that are deliberately planted on a website with the expectations that they will be harvested by a spambot and thereby pollute the output and destroying the business for the spammers. It is even possible to place elements that trap spambots in loops or generate large amounts of invalid email addresses to counterstrike spammers even more.

Spambot

A computer program that is designed to visit or "crawl" random websites and newsgroups, while collecting or "harvesting" everything that looks like valid email addresses for inclusion on spam lists.

SPAMfighter

SPAMfighter is Europe's leading spam filter developer, providing spam protection across the globe for millions of home and business users. You can also become a SPAMfighter, try our Anti Spam software here.

Spamfilter

A spamfilter is software that filters all incoming mail and sorts them in what is normal mail and what seems like spam. Spamfilters can be deployed on the network where the spam will be detained before you download it (i.e. our SPAMfighter Mail Gateway, SPAMfighter exchange module or hosted spam filter) or on your computer where it will be detained after you download it (i.e. our Anti Spam Filter - get it here.).

Spammer

A spammer is a person who sends spam. Believe it or not, many people actually react on spam mails and some actually buy something from spam mails. Even though it is only a very small percentage of people who receive a spam mail who react to it, it is still a very lucrative business for most spammers. Some easy steps to prevent getting spam: 1. Install SPAMfighter Anti Spam Filter. 2. Never open or react to spam mails!

Spamnest

A company or a place that generates and allows the production and sending of spam.

Spamware

Spamware is any kind of software for spammers, i.e. robots, spiders, crawlers, harvesters etc. and also the software spammers use to send out mails.

Spider

A program designed to search the Internet. See also Robot.

Spim

Spam not only occurs by e-mail, but also by instant messaging like ICQ, Messenger and Skype. This phenomenon has been dubbed "Spim". Read more about Spim here.

Spoofing

Spoofing is when a spammer or scammer fakes his origin or pretends to be someone else i.e. of a sent mail, where the header is made to appear from someone other than who it really is. This is often the case when someone sends you either phishing mails, making it look like it came from a legitimate sender to try to trick you.

Spyware

Software that contains third-party software which is used to monitor the users behavior. The user is unaware of the installation of this software which often takes form as a Trojan Horse, monitoring your web browser activity and sending the information to the author of the spyware. A powerful tool to datamine user activity and collect marketing information. Remove Spyware and other malicious software with SPYWAREfighter - get it here.

Stock mail

This is a scam, where spam emails hype shares of a company of which the spammer has previously acquired stocks. If sufficient people react to the spam mail and start placing orders on the specific stocks, the market value of the stock rises, and the spammers can sell with a profit. This is also known as "Pump and Dump". You can filter Stock mail by using SPAMfighter - get it here.

Tricklers

Tricklers are small hidden programs that can download and reinstall malware that has been removed from a computer. The trickler makes the download run slowly in the background so it is less noticeable. These programs are typically used by spyware to silently restore components after the spyware has been removed.

Trojan Horse

A program that is disguised and installs code that can counteract security or opening access to you computer, thereby letting hackers in. It can also perform other tasks such as gathering identity-information to be abused. The name origins from the Trojan War, where Greek soldiers hid inside a large wooden horse, only to sneak out at night and attack the Trojans from the inside.

Unsolicited Commercial E-mail

See Spam.

Vertical Spam

See Flooding.

Virus

A computer virus is code designed to make additional copies of itself to other files and infect them, spreading from computer to computer typically without the users knowing. The term virus is often used as a catch-all phrase to include all types of malware - worms, trojan horses, rootkits, spyware, etc. Remove virus and other malicious software with VIRUSfighter - get it here.

Virus Mail

Virus mails are simply e-mails containing virus. Virus mails can be used to gather information for use to spammers, for example email addresses, or to pass on virus to other computers.

Web bug

Web bugs are methods for spammers to validate email addresses. A small graphic inserted in a spam mail, notifies the spammer when the messages is read or previewed. This is why we recommend that you disable the preview function in your SPAMfolder. This way you do not accidentally open a spam mail and verify your email. Web bugs are also known as Bacon URL.

White-hat

Refers to a person or organization that focuses on securing and protecting IT systems. (Black-hat is the opposite, i.e. a hacker, or someone who destroys systems or spreading viruses or spam.) If you want to be a White-hat and help out to fight spam, get the free Anti Spam Filter from SPAMfighter here.

Whitelist

A list of email addresses, IP addresses or domains that is trusted by a user and therefore approved be delivered, bypassing the spam filters.

Worm

Computer worms are programs designed to propagate constantly. They primarily spread on networks and almost always cause harm to the network, if only by consuming bandwidth. They might delete files, encrypt files or install backdoors in the infected computer to allow the creation of a "zombie" under control of the worm author. Unlike a virus, worms don't need to attach itself to an existing program.

Zombie

A zombie computer is a computer that has been hacked into, or taken over by hackers. Usually the owner is unaware that he has released a virus or installed a Trojan Horse which enables the computer to work as a Zombie. Now the hacker can use the infected computer to launch an attack or send out spam to other computers without the owners knowing.